晏维肖邦忠罗兴建廖文芳谢君【摘要】目的:了解重庆市燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区病情分布特征。方法:运用Dean氏法检查病区县所有病区村的8-12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况,计算氟斑牙患病率、氟斑牙缺损率、氟斑牙指数;运用氟骨症临床诊断标准检查病区县病区村16岁以上人群的氟骨症患病情情况,计算氟骨症检出率。结果:燃煤型氟中毒病区县病区村数从原来的1269个降低到现在的666个,氟斑牙患病率、氟斑牙缺损率、氟斑牙指数分别为51.05%、4.27%、0.83,氟骨症检出率为1.19%;病区类型重病区从原来的164个降到16个,中病区从原来的122个降到36个,轻病区从原来的380个上升到480个,成为控制病区的有139个。结论:重庆市燃煤型氟中毒病氟斑牙病情逐渐减轻,病情程度逐渐下降,病区类型逐渐减轻,说明通过20年的采取以改炉改灶为主综合性防治措施效果较好;新的病区村出现和部分病区村病情加重的现象值得关注。
【关键词】燃煤型氟中毒;氟斑牙;氟骨症
Chongqing burns coal the pollution local fluorosis condition change characteristic analysis
YANWeiXIAOBang-zhongLUOXing-jianZHAIWen-fangXIEJun
【Abstract】goal: Understood Chongqing burns coal the pollution local fluorosis ward condition distributed characteristic. Method: Inspects the ward county all wards village using the Dean law 8-12 year old child fluorine spot tooth to be sick the situation, the computation fluorine spot tooth prevalence rate, the fluorine spot tooth damage rate, the fluorine spot tooth index; Inspects above the ward county ward village 16 years old using the fluorine bone sickness clinical diagnosis standard crowd's fluorine bone sickness trouble condition situation, computation fluorine bone sickness picking out rate. Finally: The burning coal fluorosis ward county ward village number reduces from original 1,269 to present 666, the fluorine spot tooth prevalence rate, the fluorine spot tooth damage rate, the fluorine spot tooth index respectively is 51.05%, 4.27%, 0.83, fluorine bone sickness picking out rate is 1.19%; The ward type heavy ward falls from original 164 to 16, center the ward falls from original 122 to 36, the light ward rises from original 380 to 480, becomes controls the ward to have 139. Conclusion: The Chongqing burning coal fluorosis sickness fluorine spot tooth condition gradually reduces, the condition degree gradually drops, the ward type gradually reduces, showed adopts through 20 years changes the stove to change the stove primarily comprehensive nature preventing and controlling measure effect to be better; The new ward village appears the phenomenon which aggravates with the partial wards village condition to be worth paying attention.
【Key word】 burning coal fluorosis; Fluorine spot tooth; Fluorine bone sickness重庆市自上世纪80年代在13个燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区县开展改炉改灶以来,取得了很大的成效,但没有对燃煤型氟中毒病区进行详细的病情普查,对儿童氟斑牙和氟骨症患病情况不是十分清楚,同时病区类型也在发生变化,对我市采取什么样的策略和措施防治地氟病将造成不同程度的影响,因此,为准确掌握我市燃煤型氟中毒病区的病情和病区类型变化情况,从2001年至2006年,先后对我市13个病区县进行了地氟病病情调查,现将结果总结如下:
1内容与方法
1.1基本情况调查 结合历史病区县资料,设计统一的调查表,调查所有病区县所有病区村的基本情况,包括行政村数、病区村数、户数、人口数等基础资料。
1.2氟斑牙患病情况 按Dean氏法调查所有病区村当地出生的8-12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况;同时,检查缺损型氟斑牙患病情况。计算氟斑牙检出率、缺损氟斑牙检出率和氟斑牙指数。
1.3氟骨症患病情况 按地方性氟骨症临床诊断标准(GB16396-1996)调查病区村16岁以上成人当地出生的氟骨症患病情况,计算氟骨症检出率,并根据人口构成预测全市地氟病病区氟骨症病人数。
1.4地氟病病区划分标准 按照地方性氟中毒病区划分标准(GB16396-1996)对病区进行划分,分为重病区、中病区、轻病区、控制病区。
1.5资料统计分析 各区县上报数据、统一录入SPSS12.0,并用SPSS12.0统计软件进行分析。
2结果与分析
2.1概况。重庆市燃煤型氟中毒病区涉及13个区县101个乡镇666个村,主要分布在重庆市的万州和黔江片区,有8个国家级贫困县,2个省级贫困县。行政村合并前,病区村数为1269个,占病区县总村数的17.88%;由于行政区划的调整,截止2006年底,13个病区县101个乡镇共有666个病区村,占总村数的15.74%,病区县总人口883.47万人,病区户数为38.70万户,人口140.56万人,占病区县总人口数的15.91%。(详见表1、图1)
表1 重庆市燃煤型氟中毒病区县行政村合并前后变化情况
合并前合并后区县名称总村数病区村数比例(%)总村数病区村数比例(%)彭水县63817226.963008628.67石柱县496122.4222773.08 巫溪县637162.513484412.64黔江区2227533.782227533.78奉节县83065679.0438717946.25 开 县1052212.00508132.56 巫山县57121738.0031517956.83秀山县547142.5626383.04 万盛区922122.83571424.56綦江县314196.05314196.05南川区44540.9027541.45 武隆县427112.5818773.74云阳县828313.74828313.74合 计7099126917.88423166615.74 图1重庆市地氟病病区分布
2.28-12岁儿童氟斑牙检出情况。本次调查共检查13个病区县101个乡镇666个村的86509名8-12岁的儿童,氟斑牙检出率为51.05%,范围为14.31%~61.57%,缺损人数为3696人,缺损率为4.27%,氟斑牙指数为0.83。11个重病区村共检查8-12岁儿童1177人,氟斑牙检出率为87.17%,缺损率为46.64%,氟斑牙指数为3.05;36个中病区村共检查8-12儿童4331人,氟斑牙检出率为77.10%,缺损率为27.31%,氟斑牙指数为1.75;480个轻病区村共检查68529人,氟斑牙检出率为54.55%,缺损率为2